C+-+fuel+effiicient+cars

Konstantina Kollias SCH4U1-03 Presentation date: Oct. 20th 2010

__ Q&A Presentation  __ Question: What are some technologies and features that are making new cars more fuel efficient? Some new technologies and features that are making new cars more fuel efficient are turbo charging the engine, and using a NiZn battery for hybrid cars. **  Turbo Charging:   **  · Note: Chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline is 2c8h18 + 25 o2 ---> 18 h2o + 16 co2 (combustion reaction)  · Proper combustion in an engine requires the air to fuel ratio 14:1  · Turbo charging compresses the air in an engine’s internal combustion chambers so that more oxygen is available for the combustion of gasoline How?  · Analogy: shaking a pop can before you open it. The can is the cylinder and the pressure released once it is opened is what produces power. If there is more pressure, there is more power.  · Turbo chargers are made up of 2 fans: the exhaust turbine, in the exhaust stream and the compressor turbine in the stream of air going into the engine.  · When exhaust leaves the engine, they spin the exhaust turbine, connected to the compressor turbine. When the compressor turbine spins it squeezes the air going into the engine which compresses the air in the engine.  · The increased air in the engine provides more oxygen so that more combustion reactions can happen in a shorter amount of time. Therefore more power in an average sized engine. Note:  · Inter-coolers or turbo coolers are often used when turbo charging to maximise efficiency.  · Compressing air into the engine increases its temperature and the potential energy for combustion is lost to heat.  · Inter-coolers or turbo-coolers reduce the temperature of the air which maximises the potential for the combustion reaction to occur. It also lowers the risk of heat damage, excessive wear and uncontrolled explosions in the engine. Efficiency: · Turbo charging an engine makes the car run more efficiently because you can increase your mileage with the same amount of gas by increasing the available oxygen. An increase in available oxygen increases the rate of combustion reactions. · Added bonus: the engine is more powerful. **  Nickel-Zinc (NiZn) battery:   ** · Developed by PowerGenix, Thomas Edison attempted it but he gave up     ·  To be used in hybrid cars as an alternative to nickel-metal-hydride batteries (NiMH) Efficiency: · 30% more power into a pakage that weighs 30% less than NiMH power cells · Bonus: Costs 20% less and easier to recycle When:  · Company has already retrofitted a Toyota Prius with the NiZn battery and it is showing good results  · Already used in power tools, electric bikes and scooters and in rechargeable AA and AAA batteries.  · Would like to license its technology to a car company in the near future. Earliest we will see it being used in hybrid cars is possibly 2011. ** Example (Ford EcoBoost):  ** · Combines turbo powered engines with direct-injection technology · Note: direct injection technology  à  highly pressurized gas goes into the combustions chambers of each cylinder directly instead of mixing with air in the inlet port. Efficiency: · Up to 20% more fuel efficient · Up to 15% of Co2 emissions reduced · Bonus: higher performing engine; 6-cylinder engine produces like and 8-cylinder engine and a 4-cylinder like a 6-cylinder engine.

=  Works Cited    = (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2010, from Media.Ford.com: http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27455 //Five Fuel-Saving Technologies-Feature//. (2008, August). Retrieved October 19, 2010, from Car And Driver: http://www.caranddriver.com/features/08q3/five_fuel-saving_technologies-feature Nicholson, J. (2010, July 22). //How Does a Turbo Work on a Car?// Retrieved October 19, 2010, from eHow: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4704040_turbo-work-car_.html Roy, R. (2009, February). //Green: New Battery Technology Coming- NiZn//. Retrieved October 19, 2010, from Automobile: http://www.automobilemag.com/green/news/0811_powergenix_nizn_new_battery_technology/index.html