C+-+Synthetic+Fibres

=**" What impact has the development of synthetic fibres, such as nylon, had on society?" **= - Fibre is a thin strand of material. Natural fibres are those come from animals or plants, like wool or cotton. - Synthetic fibres are made from chemicals by man, like nylon. - They are entirely made up of chemicals. - They are usually stronger than natural fibres. - They are thermoplastic, which means they can be shaped in high temperatures. - Synthetic fibres are involved with applications in every field of fibre and textile technology. - Most type of the synthetic fibres is used as commercial products.
 * What are synthetic fibres? **

Synthetic fibres are produced by 2 methods: Melt spinning - Melt spinning processes use thermo energy to melt the fibre polymer to a viscous state where extrusion can occur through an instrument called spinnerette.
 * How synthetic fibres are produced? **

Solvent spinning - Solvent spinning processes use large amounts of organic solvents that are recovered for economic reasons, to dissolve the fibre polymer into a fluid polymer solution where extrusion can occur through a spinnerette. - Solvent spinning can either be operated in dry spinning, wet spinning or reaction spinning.

- Nylon is the first synthetic fibre and made from the United States to replace silk. - Main reason nylon is introduced is because silk became scarce during World War II, and it is used in parachutes, flak vests and vehicle tires. - In 1938, it is first commercially used in a nylon-bristled toothbrush - In 1940, it is used in women’s stockings. - Nylon can be used in large variety of applications, from fabrics, rope, musical strings to carpets. - Solid nylons can be used to make hair combs, and many different mechanical parts like screws and gears. - In nylon, the amide group is joined by peptide bonds and this is called polyamide. - The planar amide groups are very polar so nylon forms many hydrogen bonds between molecules - Because the nylon backbone is so symmetrical and strong, they make excellent fibres if all the amide bonds are in the trans configuration
 * Nylon **

- It was the first synthetically (chemically) made fabric. Before then, people had to use cotton or wool. - It is forecasted that global consumption of nonwoven may reach 3.7 million tons by 2005 and 4 million tons by 2007. - Since they have high resistance against chemicals, good strength, melts instead of burning, durability, they can be used in many applications
 * What impact has synthetic fibres had on society? **

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 * Video **

Basics of Design Engineering - Engineering Materials - Plastics and properties - Nylon. (n.d.). //Machine Design//. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http://machinedesign.com/BDE/materials/bdemat2/bdemat2_29.html McIntyre. (n.d.). Synthetic fibres: Nylon, polyester, acrylic, polyolefin. //Woodhead Publishing//. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=510 Nylon Fibers. //UT Knoxville | College of Engineering//. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http://www.engr.utk.edu/mse/pages/Textiles/Nylon%20fibers.htm Parma Plast as, material descriptions. //Produsent av profiler, slanger og rÃ¸r//. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http://www.parmaplast.no/gml/uk/technical/PPmatr.htm#PA,%20Polyamid%20(Nylon)
 * Bibliography **